Hepatitis B virus-induced CD4 lymphocytopenia: A rare cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Hepatitis B virus-induced CD4 lymphocytopenia: A rare cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is Tools a rare subacute-onset fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus.It usually occurs in impaired cell-mediated immunity settings such as lymphoproliferative disorders, chronic infective or granulomatous conditions on immunosuppressive medications, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.It also appears very rarely with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.We present a case of PML with visual field defect, progressive motor impairment, behavioral alteration, and dementia.

Magnetic resonance imaging had features of asymmetric non-enhancing hyperintense subcortical Scales white matter lesions in the background of chronic active hepatitis B infection.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of CD4 lymphocytopenia associated PML following chronic hepatitis B infection.